Gambling is the wagering of something of value (the stakes) on an event involving chance. The event can be as simple as rolling a dice or as complex as betting on a horse race or sports game. To be considered gambling, three elements must be present: consideration, risk, and a prize.
While some people have a healthy relationship with gambling and can manage it responsibly, others experience problems that can cause harm to their personal, family, and financial lives. Many organisations offer support, assistance and counselling for individuals experiencing harm from their gambling behaviours, or those of their loved ones.
There is a growing role for the evaluation of patients’ gambling behaviors within a general medical setting, and for the screening and treatment of problem and pathological gambling. This article reviews the literature on gambling behavior and health, including the evidence that it is an addictive activity.
Several factors may contribute to gambling disorder, including age at which the first symptoms appear, gender (men are more likely to develop problems), and psychological distress and stress. Biological factors such as an underactive brain reward system and a genetic predisposition for thrill-seeking behaviour can also lead to trouble with gambling. People who work in casinos and other gambling environments are also at increased risk of developing a problem. Gambling can make us feel good, but it’s important to recognise when it is taking over and take action. Some of the signs to look out for include: avoiding conversations about gambling; lying about how much you gamble; hiding your gambling activity; and trying to get back money that you have lost (“chasing losses”). This is often known as the “gambler’s fallacy”. – the mistaken belief that you are due for a big win.